Cultured pearl production is a key driver of sustainable economic development in several Pacific nations. Empirical observations have shown that different oyster stocks produce pearls with distinct characteristics.

For instance, Manihiki Island (Cook Islands) is renowned for pearls with a unique coloration. In French Polynesia, before the massive transfer of spat between the many atolls of the Tuamotu, each island produced pearls identifiable by their color, luster, and orient — factors that largely determine their price and competitiveness in the market.

Following these large-scale exchanges, these distinctive traits have gradually faded.

Towards Genetic Identification of Stocks

To preserve diversity and the unique qualities of pearls, it is essential to establish precise genetic fingerprints of the different populations. This would make it possible to implement targeted management strategies and ensure better traceability in aquaculture.

Researchers’ Response

Hatchery operators are requesting reliable scientific data to produce the spat desired by pearl farmers, while also protecting the biodiversity and economic value of the various stocks.

To meet this demand, researchers are using two DNA-marking techniques:

• Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP)
• Microsatellite DNA analysis

Specimens have been collected from hatcheries in Hawaii, the Federated States of Micronesia, and the Marshall Islands, as well as from natural stocks, in order to establish a solid genetic basis for future selection and conservation strategies.