This Saturday, around fifty pearl farmers attended a symposium organized by the company at the Intercontinental, demonstrating a clear intent to connect local producers to the demands of the global market.
Present in French Polynesia since 1990, the family-run Belpearl Group—founded by the Hajjar family from Lebanon—already works with 25 local farms. With extensive experience in Japan, Hong Kong, and now Tahiti, it has become one of the leading players in international pearl trading.
A Local Office for Evaluation, Sorting, and Sales
Freddy Hajjar, the future director of the Papeete office, explains the approach: “We are opening a downtown space where pearl farmers can bring their lots for accurate valuation. Many don’t really know the value of their pearls because the sorting process is not always well done.”
Belpearl also plans to offer free training in modern sorting techniques, inspired by artificial intelligence technologies already used in the diamond industry. This support aims to help producers better align with market expectations.
Fighting Rumors and Providing Direct Information
The initiative also seeks to dispel misconceptions surrounding pearl sales. “Sometimes we sell pearls at very good prices internationally, and then I hear rumors in Tahiti claiming the prices were low. That’s just coconut radio. It’s crucial to share the facts and give farmers the tools to track their sales and understand the true value of their products,” says Freddy Hajjar.
For Steve Pommier, a pearl farmer in Arutua and president of the local lagoon management committee, this new transparency is essential: “We’re often focused on production without knowing what buyers are really looking for. This direct link to the market helps us better guide our farms in terms of quality, size, and color.”
Direct Access to the Global Market
Arii Sichoix, a pearl farmer in the Gambier Islands, welcomes the new office: “Thanks to Belpearl, we now have access to the Hong Kong market with a reduced commission rate of just 5%. It also removes our dependency on a single local middleman. Although that intermediary—Robert Wan—has greatly contributed to our development, it’s time for us to evolve.”
Belpearl’s arrival in Tahiti doesn’t aim to replace existing players but rather to expand opportunities for pearl farmers and encourage a more open market structure.
Hatcheries: The Key to Solving the Nacre Shortage
However, international momentum will mean little if the upstream sector collapses. “The biggest challenge today is the scarcity of pearl oyster spat. Natural collection is no longer sufficient due to pollution. The future lies in hatcheries,” warns Arii Sichoix, who plans to launch his own hatchery in the Gambier Islands by next March.
“It takes two years from spawning to pearl harvest. If we want to ensure the sustainability of the sector, we need to act now,” he insists.
Rising Prices, But Caution Still Needed
The black pearl market remains volatile. “The Covid crisis slowed production, and trade tensions between China and the United States have also impacted prices,” notes Freddy Hajjar.
But the outlook is positive. “Prices have nearly doubled since Covid. We’ve gone from 600 to 1,200 XPF per gram. If demand holds, we could even reach 1,800 XPF,” he adds hopefully.
Prioritizing Quality Over Quantity
The message is clear: better to produce less, but with higher quality. Belpearl purchases pearls ranging from grade A to D, but is now also interested in E-grade pearls, once considered nearly unsellable, due to increasing global demand.
With broader sales opportunities, targeted training, and technical support, Belpearl’s expanded presence in Tahiti could breathe new life into a sector seeking stability.
Named Poe Tahiti Écloserie, this new facility aims to meet the growing needs of an industry under pressure.
Each year, more than 90 million spat are needed to supply the Polynesian pearl industry. Until now, this resource came mainly from natural collection in the lagoons of Takapoto, Ahe, and Manihi. These sites, which were once abundant, are now showing signs of depletion. “It's catastrophic,” laments Steve Pommier, founder of the new hatchery. He points to climate change and the overexploitation of broodstock as the main causes of this decline.
A family project born of a long-term vision
The idea for this hatchery did not come about overnight. As early as 2010, Steve Pommier and his wife had ambitions to create their own breeding center, with the aim of enriching the color palette of their pearls. A pearl farmer since 1997, Steve made numerous attempts, even going as far as prospecting in Japan and Indonesia, without success. The real breakthrough came in 2017, when he met the Marissal family, pioneers of pearl hatcheries in Polynesia.
Originally based in Charente-Maritime, France, the Marissal family has spent decades perfecting a unique method for breeding Pinctada margaritifera, the local pearl oyster. Their site in Fakarava now produces 10 million spat per year—a volume that is insufficient to meet growing demand. A natural partnership between the two families was therefore formed.
Transfer of know-how and close supervision
Beyond technology, the Marissal family is passing on a wealth of expertise to the Pommiers. Tamaiva Pommier, Steve's son, underwent a year of comprehensive training in Fakarava, participating in all stages of production. The supervision continues: the Marissals will oversee the crucial spawning phase twice a year. “We have authorization to produce up to six million spat per year, with the goal of obtaining three million per spawning,” says Steve Pommier.
Covering 525 m², the hatchery currently employs five people—laboratory technicians, divers, and laborers—all recruited locally. “Ultimately, we will need a team of ten people,” he anticipates.
Promising first spawning
On June 11, the first spawning took place. Three days later, the premises were officially inaugurated. Half of the 250 broodstock prepared laid eggs. The larvae are now being raised in tanks for about 20 days, fed with phytoplankton grown on site, before spending five months in the nursery. They will then be transferred to the lagoon. A full year is required before they can be sold to pearl farmers, who will then have to wait another year to begin pearl cultivation.
A commitment to a sustainable model
Beyond production, the Pommier family wants their project to be environmentally friendly. A deposit system will be set up to recover the sown oyster bed supports, to prevent them from ending up at the bottom of the lagoon, as is still too often the case.
For Steve Pommier, this project, which has been in the works for over 15 years, has become vital. “It's a matter of survival for the industry,” he says. While his initial goal of diversifying pearl colors remains intact, it has now taken a back seat. The priority is to supply spat to the Arutua farms. “And I'm not sure we'll be able to meet the entire demand,” he concludes.
A first prototype will be tested by the end of the year on the atoll of Takaroa in the Tuamotus.
For decades, ropes, nets, and buoys have accumulated on lagoon floors, forming a persistent marine pollution. Although several clean-up campaigns have taken place, removing this waste—sometimes from depths of over 60 meters—is a difficult, time-consuming, and risky task for divers.
“During a mission to Rangiroa, we saw that the waste was removed manually, with no other extraction method available,” explains Tearai Sioult, a member of the Te Mā Tairoto team. “These underwater webs are hazardous and complicate the process. Once brought ashore, the waste clutters docks that the local population relies on.”
To tackle this issue, Te Mā Tairoto relies on cutting-edge technology: a mini underwater robot equipped with sonar identifies the waste, which is then collected by a barge fitted with mechanical claws and storage bins.
“Using the sonar on our ROV, we can accurately detect the areas to be cleaned,” explains maritime engineer Alice Mounier-Vehier. “The extraction process is entirely automated. Waste is sorted, cleaned, and stored on-site, without disturbing the marine ecosystem.”
The robot can perform up to nine hours of continuous inspection and reach depths of 100 meters—upgradeable to 300 meters, according to its pilot, Charles Tegakau-Raparii.
Once recovered, the waste is brought back to the main village and shipped to Tahiti. Its potential for recycling is currently under study. “We’re working with specialists in plastic waste reprocessing to explore recycling solutions,” says Alice.
Initial tests in Takaroa have been well received by locals and municipal authorities. A public meeting helped map out the intervention areas without interfering with residents’ activities.
Winner of the Toa Reef prize from IFRECOR and recipient of the IUCN Best Life grant, the project has managed to fund its prototype, though not the entire operation. “This is just the first version,” Tearai concludes. “The deployment in Takaroa will help us refine and improve the machine. We hope to secure more funding to develop the final version.”
The latest data from ISPF, based on figures from the Customs Directorate, reveals a sharp decline in local exports in the fourth quarter of 2024: down 62% in value compared to late 2023. For the full year, the drop reaches 47%, a major blow to Polynesia’s economy.
The pearl industry, a historic pillar of exports, is the primary driver of this downturn. Sales of raw pearls have collapsed: -69% in value and -49% in volume. The average price per gram now stands at 700 F.CFP, in free fall (-39% year-on-year). The annual figures are equally alarming: -59% in value and -52% in volume.
Vanilla and Noni: Rare Bright Spots
Amid the bleak outlook, a few agricultural products buck the trend. Vanilla is experiencing a spectacular rebound: +76% in value and +50% in volume, with prices per kilo reaching 59,000 F.CFP. Noni follows a similar trajectory (+64% in value, +50% in volume).
Meanwhile, other sectors struggle: copra oil shows modest growth in value (+33%) but declines in volume (-21%). Monoï and mother-of-pearl plummet by 41% and 26% in value, respectively.
Imports: Overall Stability, But Sectoral Strains
On the civilian imports side, the trend is stable, but disparities emerge across sectors. Capital goods post strong growth (+26% in value), lifting corporate imports (+6%). Conversely, intermediate goods drop by 12% in value, despite higher volumes (+37%), driven in part by cement purchases.
For households, the decline is moderate (-2% in value, -3% in volume), but the automotive market nosedives (-30% in value).
Energy: Falling Prices, Rising Consumption
Petroleum product imports decline by 14% in value, despite a 14% volume increase. For the full year, their value edges up slightly (+3%), but the average price per kilo drops to 100 F.CFP, down 24%.
A mixed picture highlighting the fragility of Polynesia’s economy, still overly reliant on its pearls.
Born from the bold vision of pioneers, these unique gems – first introduced as "Bora Bora pearls" at Papeete's Chamber of Commerce in February 1965 – have risen to become global symbols of luxury, despite market fluctuations.
From Mother-of-Pearl to Cultured Gems
Pearl farming's roots trace to the 19th century when Polynesia exported 30+ tons annually of mother-of-pearl for button manufacturing. "Authorities sought early solutions to protect overharvested oyster beds," explains pearl historian Jeanne Lecourt. Key milestones:
1827: British scientist Hugh Cuming identifies Pinctada margaritifera, the region's endemic pearl oyster.
1930s: Frenchman François Hervé attempts Japan-inspired grafting in Apataki (unsuccessfully).
1961: Jean-Marie Domard achieves Polynesia's first successful graft with Japanese expertise.
The Golden Era
After relocating operations to Bora Bora (1963), the first official Tahitian pearls launched in 1965. By the 1980s-90s, over 1,000 farms flourished across the archipelago.
Modern Challenges: The Label Dilemma
Despite being France's only locally produced gemstone, Tahitian pearls lack official quality/origin certification. "Cook Islands growers use the same oysters and can call theirs 'Tahitian pearls,'" notes Lecourt. Industry debates persist:
Should certification apply only to premium pearls (like Japan's Hanadama, which commands 3x higher prices)?
How to address price disparities (from 1 million Fcfp gems to "reject" pearls sharing the same name)?
As the anniversary reignites discussions, the sector looks to Japan's tiered certification model as inspiration to reinforce Tahitian pearls' exclusivity.
Departing from France for a three-year journey, the team recently docked in Mangareva, at the heart of the Gambier Islands—home to 60% of French Polynesia’s pearl industry.
A Troubling Reality in the Lagoon
The crew quickly witnessed the scale of plastic pollution on the island. In the turquoise waters near the pearl farm of Magali and Dominique Devaux, plastic waste accumulates. While pearl farming relies on plastic equipment—buoys, nets, and baskets—its management remains a challenge.
"Some buoys can be reused, but many are damaged and end up stored on land for months," explains Magali Devaux, farm manager. This "temporary" storage has become a logistical nightmare.
Her husband Dominique adds: "We send our plastic waste to Tahiti’s landfill, but it’s a short-term solution—far from ecologically ideal."
A Floating Laboratory for Solutions
Enter Plastic Odyssey. Aboard their ship-laboratory, the team demonstrates innovative recycling techniques. Collected plastics are shredded and transformed on-site into useful items: paving stones, roofing tiles, construction materials—all using low-cost, simple machines designed for local replication.
"We want to show that used plastic can become a resource, not just waste," says Maxime Thirouin, the expedition’s recycling engineer. A message of hope for local stakeholders, especially pearl farmers.
Dominique Devaux is optimistic: "This project opens real possibilities for our industry. We need sustainable solutions tailored to our reality."
Building a Polynesian Recycling Network
Guided by the Direction des Ressources Marines, efforts are underway to establish a Polynesian plastic upcycling system. The goal? To collect, sort, and transform plastic waste—particularly from pearl farming—while creating local jobs and economic value.
Plastic Odyssey’s stop in Mangareva marks a pivotal moment in the fight against plastic pollution in island environments. Proving that even in remote corners of the world, innovation and environmental commitment can go hand in hand.
Organized by GIE Poe o Tahiti Nui and Tahiti Pearl Auction, this international pearl sale brought together key industry players under the watchful eyes of President Edouard Fritch and the Chinese consul, who were present to assess the state of French Polynesia’s pearl sector.
A total of 280,000 pearls, primarily sourced from the Tuamotu lagoons, were offered for sale across 277 lots. Buyers from China, Japan, the U.S., and Australia participated, reaffirming strong international demand for Tahitian pearls.
A Market Under Pressure
Organizers had hoped to achieve sales between 250 and 300 million Fcfp (XPF)—a target shared by producers grappling with an ongoing crisis. The root cause? Overproduction in recent years, which has far exceeded global demand. As a result, prices have plummeted, destabilizing the entire industry.
Compounding the issue is an overall decline in pearl quality, further straining the sector. President Fritch addressed this reality head-on, urging regulation: "We must enforce production controls and implement necessary administrative measures. This is a priority if we want to safeguard the future of this iconic industry."
Balancing Supply and Demand
The auction highlighted both the enduring appeal of Tahitian pearls and the urgent need for production discipline. With international buyers still engaged but prices under pressure, the sector faces a critical juncture—one that will require coordinated action to restore equilibrium.
Chinese actress and influencer Ni Ni has brought unprecedented visibility to Tahitian pearls through her role in the 2023 internationally-released film Lost in the Stars. Throughout the promotional campaign, the star consistently appeared adorned with black pearl jewelry, particularly pieces featuring Polynesian lagoon pearls. Her refined style captivated millions, whether on television sets or across her social media platforms.
According to a Polynesian pearl dealer, this organic media exposure (though not sponsored) significantly impacted the Chinese market, contributing to 2023's dramatic sales recovery.
An Unprecedented Export Boom
2023 marked a turning point for Tahitian pearls, with exports skyrocketing to 16 billion Fcfp (up from 6 billion the previous year). Hong Kong solidified its position as the primary gateway to Asian markets. This surge reflects growing global demand for both traditional round pearls and keishi pearls.
The upward trend began in June 2023, peaked in October, then saw a slight slowdown. Keishis, in particular, experienced a meteoric price rise—once sold for 150–500 Fcfp per gram, some now fetch over 3,000 Fcfp due to their rarity and unique organic shapes.
The Keishi Renaissance
Long considered marginal, keishi pearls are now reclaiming the spotlight. Their irregular, character-filled forms appeal to clients seeking originality. Luxury jewelers like Mikimoto have further legitimized the trend by incorporating keishis into high-end collections.
While jewelers adjust pricing to reflect this demand, consumer enthusiasm remains undiminished. Keishi designs now symbolize modernity and boldness, aligning perfectly with evolving market preferences.
2024: Cautious Optimism
Despite 2023’s record-breaking results, 2024 presents uncertainties. The industry must navigate fashion trends, limited keishi production capacity, and potential market saturation. One question lingers: Will the "Ni Ni effect" sustain its momentum, or will it remain a singular peak in Tahitian pearls' recent history?
In January, the company made waves at CES in Las Vegas with its innovative environmental monitoring solution.
The concept? Equipping pearl oysters with smart sensors capable of measuring water quality in real time. These systems are currently deployed across the Tuamotu Archipelago—including the atolls of Takaroa and Takapoto—as well as in other regions worldwide, from the Arctic to New Caledonia.
Jean-Charles Massabuau, co-founder of the startup, explains: "We suspend a cage containing oysters in the lagoon. One electronic board collects the mollusks' reactions, while another transmits the data via the mobile network." This information, analyzed remotely, enables continuous, real-time ecosystem monitoring—far more efficient than traditional methods.
Molluscan Eye’s technology stands out for its simplicity and practicality. "What struck people at CES was that we’re offering a tool that addresses a real need. And the most surprising part? Some are just realizing that water can be polluted!" Massabuau remarks.
By using oysters as bio-indicators, Molluscan Eye pioneers a new form of environmental surveillance—more precise, more responsive, and potentially vital for the future of Polynesia’s lagoons.
Half a century of unwavering dedication to shining a light on the Poerava (Tahitian black pearl) on the international stage.
It was in 1973 that Robert Wan took the reins of Tahiti Pearls. Just a year later, a pivotal meeting with Professor Sato in Japan led him to collaborate with the grandson of Kokichi Mikimoto, the pioneer of modern pearl cultivation. This strategic alliance marked the beginning of an extraordinary journey.
By 1977, he acquired his first pearl harvest. What followed was a meteoric rise: Robert Wan built a veritable empire, acquiring iconic atolls such as Marutea Sud, Nengo Nengo, and Aukena, transforming them into crown jewels of Polynesian pearl farming. In 1976, he officially elevated the Tahitian pearl to the status of a precious gemstone in collaboration with the Gemological Institute of America (GIA), securing the Poerava’s place on the global luxury jewelry map.
His relentless work ethic and pursuit of excellence were recognized in 1994 with the prestigious Lauriers d’Or de la Qualité (Golden Laurels of Quality). But beyond accolades, he embodies a true vision: the Tahitian pearl as a symbol of refinement, culture, and authenticity.
During the anniversary celebration, the businessman reaffirmed his unshakable faith in the future of the Poerava. To overcome industry challenges, he made bold decisions: launching his own brand, transforming production into luxury jewelry, and positioning the pearl as an exceptional product.
As for succession, the legacy appears secure. His grandson, Johnny, actively involved in the business, is following in his grandfather’s footsteps. At 50 years of success, Robert Wan remains driven by the same passion and renewed ambition to share this unique gem—born in Polynesia’s lagoons—with the world.
(Note: "Poerava" refers to the prized black Tahitian pearl, retaining its Polynesian name for cultural significance.)
A recipient of the prestigious L’Oréal-UNESCO For Women in Science Young Talents award, she stands out for a major innovation set to sustainably transform Polynesia’s pearl farming industry.
For the past five years, the young researcher has focused on a critical challenge: reducing the environmental impact of pearl oyster collection, where traditional methods threaten lagoon ecosystems. For over 40 years, ombrière-style collectors—made of plastic—have been releasing microplastics and toxic compounds, degrading seabeds.
After conducting field studies in the Gambier, Arutua, and Takapoto archipelagos, Margaux Crusot delivered a stark finding: pearl farming generates over 1,600 tons of plastic waste annually. From this diagnosis emerged a groundbreaking solution: the first fully biodegradable spat collectors made from bio-based materials.
Using 3D printing, Margaux developed the first lab prototypes before collaborating with a materials specialist and a Tahitian manufacturer to scale up production. Now patented, this eco-friendly collector has already been deployed in natural environments for testing, laying the groundwork for a tangible shift toward sustainable pearl farming.
Margaux’s innovation goes beyond technology—it represents a paradigm shift for the entire industry. Her ambition? To see these new collectors gradually replace polluting devices, empowering pearl farmers to protect their lagoons while securing their livelihoods.
With this international award, Margaux Crusot gains visibility and credibility. Her project, bridging science, industry, and ecology, reflects a deep commitment to an environmentally respectful future—and cements her status as a pioneer of reinvented pearl farming.
(Note: "Ombrière" refers to shade-structure collectors traditionally used in pearl farming. Retained in italics for technical accuracy.)
A 70-year-old retiree, a former OPT employee, was sentenced to three years in prison, including six months without suspension, for illegally purchasing pearls without the required dealer’s license. His accomplice, an experienced jeweler, received a six-month suspended sentence for receiving stolen goods.
Between December 2018 and February 2019, the retiree had acquired several batches of pearls worth over 20 million Fcfp (XPF) from Polynesian producers. Tempted by a previous highly profitable investment, he ventured into the pearl trade without authorization, using deceptive tactics: promises of bank transfers that never materialized, partial cash payments, fake transfer orders, and even involving an accomplice on the phone to reassure sellers.
These fraudulent maneuvers left several pearl farmers in financial distress, with some unable to afford their children’s schooling. Meanwhile, the Chinese merchant, active in the sector for years, was found guilty of purchasing pearls from this fake dealer without verifying the legality of his operations.
The prosecutor denounced the case as the "tip of the iceberg," referring to a parallel market that is difficult to regulate. The court ordered joint restitution of over 18 million Fcfp to the victims.
At just 30 years old, this aquaculture and environmental engineer stands out for her commitment to more sustainable aquaculture practices.
Margaux first discovered her passion for the ocean at the age of nine, while living in Vanuatu. This calling led her to pursue studies in aquaculture, eventually earning a degree in food and agronomic engineering. Today, she applies her expertise to French Polynesia, focusing her research on reducing the environmental footprint of pearl farming.
In her doctoral thesis at the University of French Polynesia, she highlights a concerning reality: pearl farming generates approximately 1,600 tons of plastic waste annually. Working with the Marine Resources Department (DRM), she is developing a code of best practices and exploring concrete solutions—such as biodegradable collectors made from biomaterials, in collaboration with a New Zealand research institute.
Driven by a scientific and ecological vision, Margaux Crusot aims to raise awareness among local institutions about the urgent need to better manage plastic waste from the pearl industry. Through her work, she is paving the way for an eco-conscious pearl farming sector rooted in sustainability.
This dramatic increase stems from a combination of factors: a strong rebound in international demand and limited supply, a direct consequence of the pandemic.
According to data from French Polynesia’s Institute of Statistics (ISPF), the average price per gram has more than doubled in a year, jumping from around 300 Fcfp to 800 Fcfp. Industry professionals, such as Loïc Wiart, director of Poe Black Pearl, welcome this trend: "This is an unexpected but very welcome comeback."
During the COVID-19 pandemic, pearl farming activity slowed significantly, leading to a sharp drop in production. While demand remained moderate at the time, it has now surged—just as available stocks have hit record lows.
The industry is celebrating this recovery but remains cautious. The rapid price increase could be followed by a sudden downturn if production accelerates too quickly. "There’s a risk of a yo-yo effect," admits Wiart, "but current constraints—particularly the shortage of grafters and mother-of-pearl—should prevent overproduction in the short term."
This revival presents a unique opportunity to revitalize Polynesia’s pearl industry. However, market stability will depend on careful production management and potential regulatory adjustments to prevent another crisis.
To address this ecological challenge, the local company Polyacht, led by Benoit Parnaudeau, has launched Cocorig, an innovative project aiming to replace polluting plastic ropes with natural alternatives made from coconut fiber.
Parnaudeau highlights the devastating impact of plastic pollution in the ocean and the urgent need for sustainable solutions in pearl farming. Inspired by traditional techniques, Cocorig seeks to revive the use of "nape"—a traditional Polynesian natural fiber rope. The challenge lies in enhancing the material’s durability to withstand marine conditions while maintaining its eco-friendly integrity.
A finalist in the 2020 Tech4islands competition, Cocorig gained significant attention during the Tech4islands Summit last October, showcasing its potential to transform the local industry. The project also receives support from the PROTEGE program (Marine Resources Department and the Pacific Community), which funds research to improve coconut fiber rope quality.
Currently, Cocorig is developing a sustainable supply chain to utilize coconut husk—an underused local resource. While specialized machinery is still needed to scale production, the first rope prototypes are expected by March, with official product presentations to the Pacific community planned for September.
This promising initiative could not only enhance the sustainability of pearl farming but also foster an innovative, eco-conscious local industry.
From now on, the quota will be calculated using the following formula:
Q = R × S (1 + p)
Where:
Q = Individual production quota
R = Maximum yield per hectare
S = Authorized farming area per operation
p = Specific weighting factor
For 2023, the maximum yield (R) has been set at 2,500 pearls per hectare, in accordance with decisions made during the Pearl Farming Council meeting on June 10.
Objectives of the New Regulation
This updated framework aims to:
Better regulate pearl production in French Polynesia
Balance quotas based on production capacity and available farming areas
Integrate adjustments that account for the specific characteristics of each pearl farming operation
The reform seeks to ensure sustainable and equitable growth in the sector while maintaining the high quality of Polynesian pearls.
3,500 pearl oysters were reintroduced into their natural environment in an attempt to revive reproduction and, consequently, the entire pearl industry.
For several years, professionals in the sector have noticed a significant decline in collection—the crucial process of capturing pearl larvae used to produce the famous black pearls. This decline has been confirmed by annual assessments conducted by the Marine Resources Department (DRM), highlighting a worrying situation for this island, whose economy relies mainly on pearl farming.
Mangareva, which alone accounts for 33% of French Polynesia's pearl production, can only rely on its own biological resources: as the importation of mother-of-pearl is strictly prohibited, the natural reproduction of oysters is vital for the future of the sector.
It is in this context that a DRM team visited the site from December 13 to 17, in collaboration with pearl farmers, to carry out a restocking operation in the lagoon. Thanks to the mobilization of several committed professionals—Benoît Urarii, Thomas Essen, James Gooding, Puea Taerea, Hoarai Urarii, and Joseph Teakarotu—and their teams, 3,500 mother-of-pearl shells were placed in areas carefully selected by scientists from IRD and IFREMER.
The oysters, which are mature and ready to spawn, were placed on natural substrates accessible by free diving. Pearl farmers will now monitor them regularly to observe the evolution of these populations and hopefully ensure their active participation in future spawning.
“Re-seeding is already a first step. It mobilizes and raises awareness among pearl farmers. If it works, we will do it often,” says James Gooding, one of the people involved in this initiative.
Facing a decline in pearl oyster spat collection, an essential element for oyster production, this operation aims to restore oyster populations and strengthen local pearl output.
Operation Details
During this two-day effort, a total of 3,500 mature pearl oysters were reseeded in specific sites identified by researchers from IRD and Ifremer. These adult oysters will serve as a foundation for future reproduction, with the hope that their reintroduction will stimulate natural spawning in the lagoon.
James Gooding, a local pearl farmer, emphasized that this initiative is not just an ecological gesture but also a way to raise awareness among farmers about environmental challenges and strengthen community cooperation. He added that if successful, additional reintroductions could be considered in the future.
Economic and Symbolic Importance
The Tahitian pearl remains an economic cornerstone for French Polynesia, accounting for 70% of local exports. The Gambier Islands, in particular, play a major role in this industry, contributing around 33% of the territory’s total pearl production.
What sets Polynesian pearl farming apart is that oysters are cultivated directly in the wild, unlike in other producer countries (such as Indonesia, Myanmar, or the Philippines), where hatcheries are used.
Oysters are placed on ropes in the lagoon for about six months, where they feed and grow before being harvested. This natural method not only produces unique pearls but is also considered more environmentally sustainable.
Future Goals
This reintroduction aims to ensure the long-term sustainability of the pearl industry while restoring the health of local marine ecosystems. Pearl farmers in the region continue to monitor the reintroduced oysters and hope they will enhance the resilience of pearl production against future ecological and economic challenges.
In 2023, the DRM collected 6,000 floats in the Leeward Islands and Tuamotu-Gambier as part of a campaign to recycle pearl farming waste.
A Pilot Recycling Project for Plastic Floats
The main challenge lies in the durability of the floats, made from ABS plastic (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), which is difficult to grind due to its toughness. However, the DRM has tested a shredding process to convert these floats into pellets—a method that could be adapted for other islands to facilitate local plastic waste management.
For now, a specialized shredder has been used, and grinding the floats significantly reduces waste volume. A single "big bag" can hold up to 40 whole floats, but once shredded, it can store the equivalent of 300 floats in pellet form, drastically cutting transportation costs and logistical challenges.
Local Impact and Recycling Potential
The DRM’s goal is to implement this shredding process directly on the docks of the concerned islands. This would reduce maritime transport costs while providing an on-site recycling solution. Additionally, reducing float volume could encourage more sustainable waste management among pearl farmers and other local stakeholders.
Pearl farmers are increasingly aware of the importance of recycling. According to Marcelle Howard, President of GIE Toarava, recycling these floats could not only meet the needs of pearl farmers but also supply other sectors, such as lagoon tourism, where the material could be repurposed—for example, in manufacturing urban furniture.
Future Prospects and Challenges
The pilot project has generated significant interest, particularly from a local plastic industry player monitoring its progress. ABS plastic, commonly used in car bumpers, could find new life in local applications if the pellets meet necessary technical standards.
However, the project faces a major hurdle: the recovery of the pearl farming market. The industry is currently struggling, and demand for recycled floats will largely depend on its revival.
Conclusion
This plastic float recycling initiative marks an important step toward establishing a circular economy in Polynesia. It demonstrates how the pearl farming sector can play an active role in environmental protection while developing practical and economically viable solutions for plastic waste management. The DRM continues to explore innovative approaches that could eventually transform waste into valuable resources for the community.
The Polynesian government, through the Marine Resources Department (DRM), has launched an innovative program aimed at enhancing by-products of pearl farming, with a particular focus on blister pearl production, also known as mabe in Japan.
This initiative seeks to diversify income sources for industry professionals by exploring new and creative uses for pearl oysters.
Blister Pearls: A Traditional Yet Innovative Product
Blister pearls are one of the earliest forms of cultured pearl products. They are created by attaching a half-sphere nucleus (typically made of plastic), often decorated with patterns, inside the shell of Pinctada margaritifera (the local pearl oyster). Through natural biomineralization, the oyster coats the nucleus with nacre, forming a pearl. Once the nacre has sufficiently developed, the blister pearl is harvested by cutting the shell. The plastic nucleus is then replaced with epoxy resin, and a nacre plate is added to finalize the pearl.
Program Objectives
The program is structured in several phases:
Professional Training: The first phase involved specialized training for pearl farmers in Takapoto, covering nacre sorting and blister pearl grafting techniques. This step is crucial to introduce farmers to the production process and equip them with the necessary skills for this alternative production method.
Harvest Monitoring & Analysis: A second phase included tracking and analyzing blister pearl harvests, both with and without decorative patterns. This helped determine the technical expertise required for production and identify specific challenges related to harvesting these pearls.
Dissemination of Best Practices: The program also involves creating educational technical guides to replicate the production process across other sites in French Polynesia. These documents will standardize methods and share acquired knowledge with a broader range of professionals.
Collaboration with the Handicrafts Department: Part of the project focuses on blister pearl commercialization, supported by the Handicrafts Department. This phase involves identifying different product grades, cutting, and setting pearls for market readiness.
Expected Impacts
Mastering blister pearl production could provide several benefits for pearl farmers:
Improved Yields: Mabe production allows the use of pearl oysters unsuitable for traditional pearl farming, maximizing overall harvest utilization.
Job Creation: The project could generate new employment opportunities for young local technicians and artisans, particularly in cutting, setting, and marketing blister pearls.
Enhancement of Local Products: The goal is to add innovation and quality to local products, strengthening their position in the international market. This diversification would also help meet global market demands.
R&D for a 100% Bio-Sourced Blister Pearl
Alongside mabe production, the DRM is conducting research and development to create a 100% bio-sourced blister pearl, made from local and sustainable materials. This project could reinforce Polynesia’s ecological commitment and offer an even more environmentally friendly alternative to traditional pearl production.
Conclusion
This blister pearl enhancement initiative represents a significant opportunity for income diversification in French Polynesia’s pearl farming sector. It not only optimizes the use of local resources but also addresses growing environmental concerns while adding value for local producers. By combining innovation and tradition, this project could serve as a sustainable and economically viable model for the pearl farming industry.
A key focus of the council was the protection of lagoons, which are vital to the long-term viability of pearl farming. Waste management was a central topic. The Marine Resources Directorate (DRM) has launched a tender to continue repatriating waste from the Tuamotu-Gambier islands (13 islands involved) over the next three years, reducing marine pollution. This initiative builds on previous efforts and seeks to stabilize the situation while improving control over waste generated by the pearl industry.
An upcoming regulatory project will require producers to develop individual waste management plans, encouraging greater commitment to environmentally responsible practices. The use of compostable materials will also be promoted to minimize the industry’s ecological footprint.
2. Promoting Local Employment
One of the strategic priorities is boosting local employment within pearl farms through concrete actions:
Training local grafters: The Polynesian Center for Maritime Professions (CMMPF) will launch a specialized pearl oyster grafting course in October. The program, designed for about a dozen workers with experience in pearl farms, includes one month of theory in Rangiroa and five months of on-site training at farms. This initiative aims to enhance local expertise and gradually reduce reliance on foreign labor.
Minimum activity criteria: The Council introduced a minimum activity threshold for pearl farms, requiring production of at least 200 pearls per hectare over two years and a minimum number of employees. Farms failing to meet these standards risk losing their maritime concessions and public domain permits, with penalties including revocation of producer status after two years of inactivity.
3. Management of Maritime Concessions and Operations
A significant reform was adopted regarding maritime concessions. To ensure sustainable and serious operations, the Council decided to withdraw—or even cancel—public domain permits from inactive farms after two years (or four years for first-time applicants). Farms must maintain a baseline level of activity, including oyster grafting, pearl production, and sales, to retain their concessions.
4. Strengthening Sales Strategies
A new sales strategy is being developed to better promote Polynesian pearls in international markets. While details are yet to be released, the approach will likely emphasize innovation, product quality, and traceability.
Conclusion
These decisions aim to enhance the pearl industry’s sustainability by balancing environmental preservation, economic development, and local employment. Training local grafters and setting minimum activity criteria reflect the government’s commitment to securing the sector’s future while creating opportunities for local professionals. Monitoring the impact of these measures on the Tahitian pearl industry in the coming years will be crucial.
2017 Mass Destruction: The Direction des Ressources Marines (DRM) seized and destroyed thousands of "imperfect" pearls, citing a 2005 regulation banning their sale.
Ruled Illegal: Courts later determined the policy violated property rights, opening the door for pearl farmers and traders to sue for damages.
2. Escalating Legal Battles
Early Victories (2021): Two pearl farmers won compensation, setting a precedent.
Expanding Claims: 15 additional producers are now demanding reparations for 585,000 destroyed pearls.
Hidden Scale: Lawyers estimate millions of pearls may have been unlawfully destroyed since 2005, suggesting even greater liability.
3. Valuation Dispute: From 575 Fcfp to 250 Fcfp per Gram
Initial Ruling (2021): The Papeete Administrative Court set pearl value at 575 Fcfp/gram.
Appeal Reduction: Paris’ Administrative Court of Appeal slashed this to 250 Fcfp/gram, drastically lowering payouts.
Pending Awards: The public rapporteur recommends 1–37 million Fcfp per case for the remaining nine claims.
4. Total Financial Exposure: ~100 Million Fcfp
If courts uphold the rapporteur’s guidance:
Current Claims: 96.5 million Fcfp for nine cases.
Cumulative Total: Combined with earlier settlements, the government could owe over 100 million Fcfp.
5. Sector-Wide Fallout
Regulatory Distrust: Pearl farmers accuse authorities of arbitrary enforcement and unfair destruction of their stock.
Compensation Lifeline: Payouts could help producers recoup losses but won’t undo years of lost revenue.
Systemic Reforms Needed: Calls grow for clearer pearl-grading standards and transparent policies.
6. Next Steps: June 7 Decision
The final ruling (expected June 7) will determine:
The total financial hit to French Polynesia’s budget.
Whether the government must adjust pearl industry regulations to prevent future disputes.
Shrinking Membership: With only 117 members from 6 organizations (out of 349 professional licenses), the TPAFP fails to reflect the diversity of French Polynesia's pearl industry.
Legitimacy Gap: The association represents just 33% of eligible professionals, raising questions about its mandate to speak for the sector.
2. Governance Breakdown
Dormant Decision-Making: Rare general assemblies and infrequent board meetings paralyze oversight.
Unauthorized Spending: Major financial commitments were approved without proper governance review, violating basic fiscal controls.
3. Ethical Red Flags: Conflicts of Interest
Self-Dealing Allegations: Procurement from companies owned by TPAFP board members circumvents fair competition.
Lack of Transparency: No public disclosure of these transactions, eroding trust in financial stewardship.
4. Questionable Spending Practices
International Activities
Unjustified Subsidies: Public funds flowed to partner associations in Hong Kong, Japan, and the U.S. without clear performance metrics.
No Competitive Bidding: Contracts awarded via direct selection, violating procurement rules for public funds.
Local Operations
Budget Overruns: Mission expenses exceeded projections with no documented justification.
Opaque Contracting: Preferential treatment for select vendors contradicts principles of equitable access.
5. Urgent Reforms Demanded
The CTC mandates immediate action to:
✅ Broaden Membership – Ensure the association truly represents pearl industry stakeholders.
✅ Enforce Financial Controls – Require competitive bidding and independent audits.
✅ Eliminate Conflicts – Bar board members from benefiting from TPAFP contracts.
✅ Restore Transparency – Publish meeting minutes, budgets, and procurement records.
6. Implications: A Sector at Risk
The report exposes a crisis of confidence in the TPAFP’s ability to:
Safeguard public funds (436 million FCFP since 2014)
Effectively promote Tahitian pearls globally
Maintain trust among farmers and exporters
Without rapid reform, the TPAFP risks becoming irrelevant—or worse, a liability to Polynesia’s pearl industry.
Founded in 2014 following the dissolution of La Maison de la Perle, the TPAFP was intended to unite pearl industry stakeholders and promote Tahitian pearls. However, within its first year, membership dropped from 11 to just 5 organizations, signaling a failure in its core mission. This decline has undermined the association’s credibility and legitimacy among industry professionals.
2. Governance Failures
The CTC report identifies serious governance issues:
No systematic meeting minutes – Decisions lack proper documentation.
Missing agendas – Meetings often lack structure, disrupting operations.
Dysfunctional General Assembly – The decision-making body fails to fulfill its role.
Statutory non-compliance – Governance rules are frequently ignored, with insufficient conflict-of-interest safeguards, jeopardizing the organization’s integrity.
3. Poor Financial Management
The association’s financial practices were heavily criticized:
Mismanagement of subsidies – Despite receiving 436 million Fcfp (2014–2019), fund allocation remains unclear.
Deficient accounting – No clear internal controls, leading to opaque spending of public funds.
Lack of expenditure oversight – Resources are poorly allocated due to weak financial supervision.
4. Ineffective Promotion Strategy
The TPAFP’s promotional efforts—both locally and internationally—were deemed inefficient:
Uncontrolled foreign association funding – International promotion was outsourced without direct oversight, diluting strategic control.
Excessive spending – Non-competitive procurement and inflated costs raised questions about value for money.
Unfair local vendor access – Preferential treatment for certain providers cast doubt on transparency in partnerships.
5. Corrective Measures Proposed
To address these shortcomings, some reforms were introduced in 2020, including direct partnerships with foreign associations. However, the CTC argues that the TPAFP’s very existence should be reassessed. Key recommendations include:
Strategic realignment – Refocus promotion efforts for measurable impact.
6. Conclusion: A Crucial Crossroads
The TPAFP stands at a pivotal juncture. Its poor governance, financial mismanagement, and lack of industry trust call into question its ability to effectively promote Tahitian pearls. Urgent reforms are needed to restore credibility and ensure the association can fulfill its role in sustaining Polynesia’s pearl industry.
Without decisive action, the TPAFP risks becoming obsolete—a costly missed opportunity for a sector vital to French Polynesia’s economy.
Launched in 2021, the initiative focuses on islands where pearl farming waste is most prevalent, including:
Apataki, Arutua, Ahe, Manihi, Takaroa, Takapoto, Aratika, Kaukura, Fakarava, Raiatea, Tahaa, and Gambier.
These islands were selected based on two key criteria:
The presence of historical waste from past practices,
Current high pearl farming activity, generating substantial waste.
Types of Waste Collected
Pearl farming waste includes various materials used in pearl farms:
Ropes, Collectors, Buoys, Protective nets (essential for pearl farming but harmful to the marine environment when discarded).
Collection and Disposal Methodology
To ensure efficient waste management, the DRM implemented a structured collection system:
"Big bags" were distributed to pearl farmers, who then formed local management committees in collaboration with community associations.
Municipalities provided technical and logistical support for waste storage and transport to docks.
The government organized the shipment of waste to Tahiti, where it is processed in approved facilities.
Results and Next Steps
Between November 2021 and March 2022, the operation successfully collected and treated 1,010 big bags (approximately 1,000 m³ of waste). A major shipment of 574 big bags was recently transported via the vessels Cobia 3 and Mareva Nui.
Cleanup efforts will continue throughout the year, with Phase 2 focusing on removing waste from lagoons, in addition to land-stored debris. This initiative is part of a broader program to establish sustainable and eco-friendly pearl farming waste management, safeguarding marine ecosystems and reinforcing Polynesia’s reputation as a responsible player in the pearl industry.
Expected Impact
This initiative is set to:
✔ Reduce the environmental footprint of pearl farming,
✔ Improve lagoon health (critical for pearl oyster survival),
✔ Raise awareness among farmers about responsible waste management,
✔ Strengthen cooperation between local stakeholders, authorities, and communities for shared, sustainable natural resource management.
By combining environmental cleanup with cross-sector collaboration, this operation serves as a model for marine conservation and supports the long-term viability of Polynesia’s pearl industry.
